ACL + Anterolateral Ligament (ALL) Reconstruction

Overview

This protocol governs the rehabilitation of an athlete after combined intra-articular ACL reconstruction and extra-articular anatomic ALL reconstruction. The dual procedure addresses both anteroposterior translational instability (ACL) and anterolateral rotational laxity (ALL), and has been shown to reduce secondary graft-rupture rates in young pivoting athletes compared with isolated ACL reconstruction.

Progression is governed by objective criteria, not calendar dates. Time windows are clinical guides — every phase transition requires the athlete to satisfy strength, ROM, swelling, and functional testing thresholds before advancing.

Protocol structure

The program is organized in five progressive phases, each with explicit goals, interventions, and progression criteria.

1. Phase I — Protection & early activation (weeks 0–2)

   Inflammatory control, tissue protection, and early quadriceps activation. AMI is addressed at the spinal reflex level via cryotherapy and NMES superimposed on voluntary contraction. Mandatory full passive extension symmetrical to the contralateral limb. Patellar mobilizations prevent arthrofibrosis. Hamstring isometrics are reintroduced cautiously from week 2 to protect the donor site.

2. Phase II — Early mobility & transition (weeks 2–6)

   Gait normalization without crutches, full ROM (0–120°+), early closed-kinetic-chain loading, and proprioceptive training. Aerobic conditioning maintained via stationary bike and pool when available.

3. Phase III — Strength & neuromuscular control (weeks 6–14)

   Bilateral and unilateral strengthening at progressive intensity. Quadriceps and hamstring strength symmetry targets above 70% LSI. Introduction of low-intensity running on alter-G or treadmill once criteria are met.

4. Phase IV — Power, plyometrics & sport-specific (weeks 14–28)

   Heavy slow resistance for tendon and graft conditioning, progressive plyometrics (bilateral → unilateral), change-of-direction drills, and on-field reintroduction. Strength symmetry target ≥90% LSI before plyometric progression.

5. Phase V — Return-to-Training & Return-to-Play (weeks 28–40)

   Full football-specific conditioning, contact reintroduction, position-specific drills, and progressive integration into team training. Final RTP clearance gated by hop test battery, isokinetic testing, on-field exposure, and psychological readiness (ACL-RSI).

Evidence base

The protocol integrates the contemporary literature on combined ACL + ALL reconstruction and AMI management:

• Sonnery-Cottet et al., AJSM 2017 — reduced graft rupture rates in combined ACL + ALL.
• Sonnery-Cottet et al., BJSM 2019 — cryotherapy and AMI reduction.
• Sonnery-Cottet et al., KSSTA 2025 — SANTI classification of AMI severity.
• Loading hierarchy informed by progressive overload principles validated in tendinopathy and post-surgical knee literature.

Who this protocol is for

• Sports physiotherapists working in professional or semi-professional football.
• Medical departments standardizing ACL + ALL postoperative care.
• Orthopedic surgeons coordinating rehabilitation handover with their physiotherapy team.
• Strength & conditioning coaches in elite sports environments needing aligned reconditioning timelines.

Frequently asked questions